Table 2 Implementation technologies and performance metrics for IKEDS framework components. This table presents the specific technology stack used for each component along with corresponding performance benchmarks, demonstrating the practical feasibility of the proposed architecture.

From: Construction of intelligent decision support systems through integration of retrieval-augmented generation and knowledge graphs

Component

Technology stack

Performance metrics

Knowledge representation

OWL 2 DL + Neo4j v4.4.11

Query response: <500ms

Embeddings

R-GCN + BERT variants

Coverage: 98.7% entities

Retrieval

SentenceTransformers + Cypher

MAP improvement: 18–27%

Orchestration

Vowpal Wabbit v9.6.0

Pathway accuracy: 94.3%

Generation

Transformer + constraints

Consistency: 96.1%

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