Table 4 Overall performance comparison across all application domains (Mean ± Standard Deviation). IKEDS demonstrates statistically significant superiority over all baseline approaches across all evaluation metrics, with effect sizes ranging from 1.78 to 2.92 indicating large practical significance.

From: Construction of intelligent decision support systems through integration of retrieval-augmented generation and knowledge graphs

Metric

IKEDS

KG-only

RAG-only

Parallel-KG-RAG

p-value

Effect size (d)

Decision accuracy (%)

85.7 ± 3.2

74.6 ± 4.1

67.3 ± 4.8

77.6 ± 3.9

< 0.001

2.34

Knowledge relevance

0.91 ± 0.04

0.83 ± 0.05

0.74 ± 0.07

0.82 ± 0.06

< 0.001

1.78

Explanation quality

0.88 ± 0.05

0.75 ± 0.07

0.67 ± 0.08

0.76 ± 0.06

< 0.001

1.86

Cross-domain integration

0.84 ± 0.06

0.49 ± 0.09

0.47 ± 0.08

0.63 ± 0.07

< 0.001

2.92

Learning efficiency

0.79 ± 0.07

0.58 ± 0.08

0.61 ± 0.09

0.64 ± 0.08

< 0.001

1.97

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