Fig. 1

Evaluation of MVs purified from S. mutans UA159. The MVs were subjected to 12.5% SDS‒PAGE followed by CBB staining (a), incubation in acetate buffer containing 3% sucrose for zymography (b), and western blotting with anti-MV serum and HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG (c). Representative images from more than three independent experiments are shown. Line 1, size marker; line 2, CBB staining; line 3, zymography; line 4, western blotting. The blots and gels were cropped. Original blots and gels are presented in Supplementary Fig. 1.