Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: Nasal immunization with Streptococcus mutans membrane vesicles and eggshell-derived hydroxyapatites elicits enhanced antigen-specific mucosal IgA responses

Fig. 5

Cytokine production by splenocytes isolated from groups of immunized mice and IgG subclass induction. Splenic CD4+ cells (a,c) and whole splenocytes (b,d), which were isolated from mice immunized with eggshell-derived HAs, MVs, or MVs plus eggshell-derived HAs, were restimulated with or without MVs in vitro. IFN-γ and IL-17 productions in the culture supernatant were analyzed by ELISA. (e) IgG subclass induction in immunized mice. Serum samples collected 2 weeks after the last immunization were subjected to analysis. The data are presented as the means ± SEM (n = 4/group). Representative data from two independent experiments are shown. (a–d) A significant difference between each group, was determined by repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. (e) A significant difference between each group, was determined by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. †††p < 0.001, ††††p < 0.0001 compared with EHA in the IgG1 data, ***p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 compared with EHA in the IgG2a data and p = 0.0026 [MVs vs MV + poly(I:C)], p = 0.0021 [MVs + EHA vs MV + poly(I:C) ]in the IgG2a data. EHA; eggshell-derived HAs.

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