Table 6 Mean scores and mean differences between teaching methods.

From: Immersive teaching model for traditional Chinese opera costume design based on virtual reality: digital cultural heritage, inheritance, and innovation

Evaluation project

VR method mean score

Traditional method mean score

Mean difference (Δ)

Learning outcomes

4.00

3.10

0.90

User experience

4.20

3.30

0.90

Cultural understanding

3.87

3.33

0.53

Technology adaptation

4.17

3.33

0.83

Teaching interaction

4.33

3.23

1.10

Learning outcomes

4.00

3.10

0.90