Table 7 Statistical analysis of teaching methods based on independent samples t test.

From: Immersive teaching model for traditional Chinese opera costume design based on virtual reality: digital cultural heritage, inheritance, and innovation

Evaluation project

Group A (Mean ± SD)

Group B (Mean ± SD)

Cohen’s d

95% CI

N

t value

p value

Learning outcomes

4.00 ± 0.69

3.10 ± 0.61

1.32

[0.55, 1.25]

80

5.14

***p < 0.001

User experience

4.20 ± 0.55

3.30 ± 0.75

1.37

[0.56, 1.24]

80

5.23

***p < 0.001

Cultural understanding

3.87 ± 0.63

3.33 ± 0.61

0.86

[0.21, 0.85]

80

3.34

**p < 0.010

Technology adaptation

4.17 ± 0.46

3.33 ± 0.71

1.39

[0.52, 1.14]

80

5.39

***p < 0.001

Teaching interaction

4.33 ± 0.55

3.23 ± 0.63

1.87

[0.79, 1.40]

80

7.25

***p < 0.001