Table 1 Key components of precision spraying technology.

From: A sustainable crop protection through integrated technologies: UAV-based detection, real-time pesticide mixing, and adaptive spraying

Data dimension

Specific data items

References

Technology layer

Perception layer, Decision layer, Execution layer

-

Perception layer tech

LiDAR, Multispectral camera, Ultrasonic sensor, Other sensor types

13,18,40,41

Decision layer tech/Methods

Deep Learning (e.g., YOLO, CNN), Machine Learning, PWM Control algorithm, Other decision models/rules

-

Execution layer equipment

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Crawler chassis sprayer, High-Clearance boom sprayer, Other application equipment types

42,43

Crop types

Rice, Orchards (e.g., Citrus, Apple), Wheat, Maize (Corn), Other crop types

 
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