Table 4 Comparison of mainstream jet mixers in agricultural precision spraying.

From: A sustainable crop protection through integrated technologies: UAV-based detection, real-time pesticide mixing, and adaptive spraying

Device type

Design features

Pesticide compatibility

Performance indicator

Source

Jet mixer

Area ratio optimization, nozzle-mixing chamber spacing

Lipophilic pesticides γ > 85%

Uniformity index γa

8,140

PWM variable jet system

Perforated plate alternating installation (left/right spin)

Pesticide mixing ratio range extension

Dynamic concentration consistency analysis

157

Rotating jet mixer

Contraction angle/diffusion angle optimization

Suspension agents γ = 70–75%

Coefficient of variation α

11,144,154

Two-stage injection mixer

CFD-optimized Venturi structure

Viscous water-soluble pesticide adaptability

Dead zone reduction by 40%

37