Table 1 Recent studies on control and optimization of vehicle suspension systems.
Year | Degree of freedom (DOF) and model | Controller type | Algorithm | Objective function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | 2-DOF QCM | FLC and PID | GA | e(t) | |
2019 | 2-DOF QCM | Modal Control | MMO | FRF | |
2020 | 2-DOF QCM | Event-Triggered H∞ | Lyapunov Function and LMI | e(t) | |
2021 | 3-DOF QCM | µ-Sentez | DGK Iterative Method | e(t) | |
2021 | 2-DOF QCM | Fuzzy-PI | Manuel | e(t) | |
2021 | 2-DOF QCM | SMC, Skyhook, Ground hook and PID | PSO | ITSE, ITAE, ISE | |
2022 | 2-DOF QCM | PID | GA | ITAE, ITSE, IAE, ISE | |
2022 | 2-DOF QCM | FLC, PI and Fuzzy-PI | PSO | RMS Performance Index | |
2022 | 2-DOF QCM | LDFC, PID | TRM | IST2E | |
2022 | 2-DOF QCM | NN Adaptive OFC | RL and ADP | HJB cost function | |
2022 | 2-DOF QCM | VFRC, LQR, SOF | NMSA | RMS Performance Index | |
2022 | 2-DOF QCM | LQR and SOF | CMA-ES | ISE based cost function | |
2022 | 2-DOF QCM | LQR | ACO | IAE | |
2022 | 2-DOF QCM | FLC | NSGA‑II | RMS Performance Index | |
2022 | 2-DOF QCM | Fuzzy Adaptive PID | PSO | IAE | |
2022 | 2-DOF QCM | AFTC | LMI | RMSE | |
2023 | 2-DOF QCM | PID | GWO | e(t) | |
2023 | 2-DOF QCM | DRL | PPO | LQ Cost Function | |
2023 | 2-DOF QCM | LQR | PSO-GA | LQR Cost Function | |
2023 | 2-DOF QCM | LQR | BA and GWO | ISE | |
2023 | 2-DOF QCM | LQR, FLC, FLC-LQR | PSO | ITAE | |
2024 | 2-DOF QCM | PID | DO | MAE, MSE, RMSE | |
2024 | 2-DOF QCM | PID | WO | MAE, MSE, RMSE | |
2024 | 2-DOF QCM | Fuzzy PID | GWO | IAE |
