Fig. 1

Flowchart of patient enrollment and evaluation process. Figure 1 Patients with suspected non-arteritic retinal artery occlusion (NA-RAO) presenting with acute visual impairment were referred from the ophthalmology department to the stroke center over a one-year period. NA-RAO was diagnosed based on fundus examination and fluorescein angiography. All patients underwent same-day stroke center consultation, where they received MRI and carotid ultrasonography. Blood tests and RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys genetic testing were performed in all cases. Two patients were excluded owing to incomplete evaluations. The final NA-RAO group included 28 patients. The control group comprised 1,202 healthy individuals from the University of Tokyo Medical Genome Center, for whom only age, sex, and RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys status were available. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.