Table 3 Mechanical properties of piezoelectric patches (PZT-5H)³⁵.

Density (\({{kg} / {{m^3}}}\))

\(\rho\)

7500

Young module (Gpa)

\({E_1}\)

60.60

Young module (Gpa)

\({E_2}\)

60.60

Young module (Gpa)

\({E_3}\)

48.309

Shear modulus (Gpa)

\({G_{12}}\)

22.988

Shear modulus (Gpa)

\({G_{13}}\)

22.988

Shear modulus (Gpa)

\({G_{23}}\)

22.988

Poisson’s ratio

\({\nu _{12}}\)

0.3182

Poisson’s ratio

\({\nu _{13}}\)

0.0636

Poisson’s ratio

\({\nu _{23}}\)

0.3182

Piezoelectric Strain constants \((\times {10^{ - 12}}m{V^{ - 1}})\)

\({d _{31}}\)

-274

Piezoelectric Strain constants \((\times {10^{ - 12}}m{V^{ - 1}})\)

\({d _{32}}\)

-274

Piezoelectric Strain constants \((\times {10^{ - 12}}m{V^{ - 1}})\)

\({d _{33}}\)

593

Piezoelectric Strain constants \((\times {10^{ - 12}}m{V^{ - 1}})\)

\({d _{15}}\)

741

Piezoelectric Strain constants \((\times {10^{ - 12}}m{V^{ - 1}})\)

\({d _{24}}\)

741

Electric permittivity \((\times {10^{ - 12}}F{m^{ - 1}})\)

\({e _{11}}\)

3130

Electric permittivity \((\times {10^{ - 12}}F{m^{ - 1}})\)

\({e _{22}}\)

3130

Electric permittivity \((\times {10^{ - 12}}F{m^{ - 1}})\)

\({e _{33}}\)

3400