Table 4 Natural frequency of healthy and defected plate.

From: High-precision multiple defect detection and localization in composite laminates using integrated piezoelectric sensing, regression and neural networks methods

Defect

type

Defect

positions

First

natural

frequency

(Hz)

Second

natural

frequency

(Hz)

Third

natural

frequency

(Hz)

Fourth

natural

frequency

(Hz)

Fifth

natural

frequency

(Hz)

Healthy

-

53.894

198.24

279.92

664.19

730.21

Delamination

01-01-00

54.781

188.86

295.03

715.63

725.92

Delamination

15-01-00

56.795

193.38

290.01

709.86

733.01

Delamination

24-01-00

57.553

195.13

299.7

735.63

745.66

Delamination

01-04-00

52.238

191.37

266.09

671.92

704.26

Delamination

15-04-00

53.234

197.07

278.07

665.69

730.34

Delamination

24-04-00

53.703

198.82

276.13

732.13

748.26

Delamination

01-07-00

53.783

188.01

296.94

665.65

807.2

Delamination

15-07-00

57.327

197.12

300.46

718.45

828.65

Delamination

24-07-00

57.988

198.89

308.07

745.42

837.51

Crack

00-00-04

67.974

246.58

393.21

824.6

1084.5

Crack

00-00-11

71.914

265.14

390.27

827.86

1035.8

Crack

00-00-19

73.787

263.33

361.99

808.66

1000.7

Crack

00-00-26

74.663

281.96

395.31

832.48

1043.86

Delamination and Crack

22-01-07

66.764

179.48

392.38

719.52

753.3

Delamination and Crack

03-01-28

69.336

276.41

391.46

713.13

809.31

Delamination and Crack

22-04-07

67.105

180.66

395.8

758.89

1003.2

Delamination and Crack

03-04-28

75.711

284.83

387.22

743.1

1005.4

Delamination and Crack

22-07-07

68.963

180.64

415.59

773.52

1044.9

Delamination and Crack

03-07-28

70.922

280.7

407.71

770.41

1082.1