Table 3 Associations of pubertal development, body size, and age at menarche with DNA-methylation biomarker of pubertal age across three cohorts.
From: Salivary DNA methylation and pubertal development in adolescents
Texas Twin Project (TTP) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DNAm PubertalAge | DNAm PubertalAgeAccel | |||||||
Girls | β | SE | p | R2 | β | SE | p | R2 |
Pubertal development | 0.67 | 0.06 | < 0.001 | 0.45 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.01 |
BMI | 0.28 | 0.09 | 0.003 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 0.08 | 0.001 | 0.06 |
Height | 0.59 | 0.06 | < 0.001 | 0.36 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.01 |
Age at menarche | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.82 | 0.00 | − 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.06 |
Boys | ||||||||
Pubertal development | 0.67 | 0.06 | < 0.001 | 0.45 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.62 | 0.00 |
BMI | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.90 | 0.00 |
Height | 0.78 | 0.05 | < 0.001 | 0.63 | − 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.26 | 0.00 |
Future of Families and Child Well-Being Study (FFCW) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DNAm PubertalAge | DNAm PubertalAgeAccel | |||||||
Girls | β | SE | p | R2 | β | SE | p | R2 |
Pubertal development | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.008 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.094 | 0.00 |
BMI | 0.16 | 0.03 | < 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.03 | < 0.001 | 0.02 |
Height | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.76 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.55 | 0.00 |
Age at menarche | − 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.005 | 0.01 | − 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.003 | 0.01 |
Boys | ||||||||
Pubertal development | − 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.37 | 0.00 | − 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.29 | 0.00 |
BMI | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Height | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
German Twin Family Panel (TwinLife) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DNAm PubertalAge | DNAm PubertalAgeAccel | |||||||
Girls | β | SE | p | R2 | β | SE | p | R2 |
Pubertal development | 0.31 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
BMI | 0.35 | 0.13 | 0.007 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.007 | 0.04 |
Height | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.48 | 0.00 |
Age at menarche | − 0.22 | 0.08 | 0.004 | 0.03 | − 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.03 |
Boys | ||||||||
Pubertal development | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.55 | 0.00 |
BMI | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.94 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.86 | 0.00 |
Height | 0.23 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.02 |