Table 13 Performance comparison of KEO against the others for the photo Watt-PWP 201 PV module (two-DM).

From: A novel kangaroo escape optimizer for parameter estimation of solar photovoltaic cells/modules via one, two and three-diode equivalent circuit modeling

Applied algorithm

PSO83

LAPO73

FBIT84

SNS88

Proposed KEO

Minimum RMSE

3.3925E − 03

3.2734E − 02

2.4250E − 03

2.4410E − 03

2.42507E − 03

Average RMSE

2.0808E − 02

4.3132E − 02

2.4310E − 03

2.6020E − 03

2.45552E − 03

Worst RMSE

3.3742E − 02

5.7507E − 02

2.4430E − 03

3.1800E − 03

2.56361E − 03