Table 2 Comparison of baseline clinical characteristics between the two groups of ALS patients.

Variables	Total (n = 266)	ALS patients without sleep disorder (n = 90)	ALS patients with sleep disorder (n = 176)	Statistic	P
FSS, mean ± SD	33.36 ± 14.12	27.80 ± 13.72	36.21 ± 13.49	t = − 4.78	< .001
VAS, mean ± SD	1.95 ± 1.54	1.66 ± 1.30	2.10 ± 1.63	t = − 2.43	0.016
HARS, mean ± SD	11.96 ± 7.86	7.51 ± 4.83	14.24 ± 8.15	t = − 8.43	< .001
HDRS, mean ± SD	11.83 ± 7.27	8.91 ± 4.67	13.33 ± 7.89	t = − 5.72	< .001
ESS, mean ± SD	3.22 ± 1.73	3.07 ± 1.73	3.30 ± 1.73	t = − 1.05	0.297
ALSFRS-RB, mean ± SD	10.06 ± 2.39	10.46 ± 2.25	9.85 ± 2.45	t = 1.96	0.052
ALSFRS-RL, mean ± SD	14.74 ± 5.88	16.02 ± 5.34	14.09 ± 6.04	t = 2.57	0.011
ALSFRS-RR, mean ± SD	10.86 ± 2.11	11.43 ± 1.51	10.57 ± 2.31	t = 3.64	< .001
ALSFRS-R, mean ± SD	35.66 ± 8.50	37.91 ± 7.26	34.51 ± 8.87	t = 3.35	< .001
Disease progression rate, Mean ± SD	1.71 ± 1.83	1.34 ± 1.27	1.90 ± 2.03	t = − 2.40	0.017
Disease duration, mean ± SD	17.44 ± 8.34	17.58 ± 7.92	17.37 ± 8.57	t = 0.20	0.842
FVC, M (Q₁, Q₃)	76.76 (63.80, 90.50)	74.81 (62.31, 89.70)	79.08 (69.56, 92.31)	Z = − 1.64	0.100
Age at onset, M (Q₁, Q₃)	52.36 (44.99, 59.01)	48.57 (42.48, 56.27)	53.54 (47.06, 59.42)	Z = − 2.91	0.004
Site of onset, n(%)				χ² = 0.00	0.963
Bulbar	41 (15.41)	14 (15.56)	27 (15.34)
Limb	225 (84.59)	76 (84.44)	149 (84.66)
EI escorial classification n(%)				–	0.102
1	4 (1.50)	2 (2.22)	2 (1.14)
2	31 (11.65)	15 (16.67)	16 (9.09)
3	231 (86.84)	73 (81.11)	158 (89.77)

t: t-test, Z: Mann–Whitney test, χ²: Chi-square test, –: Fisher exact. SD: standard deviation, M: Median, Q₁: 1st Quartile, Q₃: 3st Quartile.
FSS,Fatigue Severity Scale; VAS,Visual Analog Scale; HARS, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; ESS,Epworth Sleepiness Scale;ALSFRS-RB,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-revised Bulbar Function;ALSFRS-RL, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-revised limbs; ALSFRS-RR,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-revised Respiratory Function; ALSFRS-R, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-revised;FVC,Forced Lung Function; The Student’s t-test (with Mann–Whitney U test when necessary) was used to compare continuous variables and the chi-squared test was used to analyze categorical variables. The meaning of the bold values represented statistically significant values in the statistical analysis.The meaning of the bold values represented statistically significant values in the statistical analysis.

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