Table 4 Performance evaluation of Face2Bone model in overall and gender-stratified validation sets.

From: Face2Bone explainable AI model predicts osteoporosis risk from facial images in proof of concept study

Validation sets

Accuracy

Precision

Recall

F1-score

AUC

Kappa

Overall model

0.9285

0.9294

0.9285

0.9283

0.9856

0.8887

Female subgroup

0.8964

0.8958

0.8964

0.8960

0.9657

0.7926

Male subgroup

0.8343

0.8349

0.8343

0.8341

0.9470

0.7400

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