Fig. 5

Density of bricks incorporating agricultural and industrial byproducts as clay replacements. All mixtures maintained the target range of 1.5–2.0 g/cm³, demonstrating consistent structural viability.

Density of bricks incorporating agricultural and industrial byproducts as clay replacements. All mixtures maintained the target range of 1.5–2.0 g/cm³, demonstrating consistent structural viability.