Table 5 Irradiance evaluation parameters of models.

Model	MAE		\(\:{\mathbf{R}}^{2}\)		RMSE		MSE		NRMSE
Model	Train	Test	Train	Test	Train	Test	Train	Test	Train	Test
BiGRU	0.0372	0.0381	96.97	96.82	0.0024	0.0025	0.0024	0.0025	0.0024	0.0025
BiLSTM	0.0406	0.0422	96.62	96.32	0.0026	0.0029	0.0026	0.0029	0.0026	0.0029
CNN-GRU	0.0434	0.0465	96.18	95.60	0.0030	0.0034	0.0030	0.0034	0.0030	0.0034
CNN-LSTM	0.0363	0.0381	97.27	96.97	0.0021	0.0023	0.0022	0.0023	0.0020	0.0028
MLP	0.0376	0.0396	97.07	96.78	0.0023	0.0025	0.0031	0.0025	0.0023	0.0025

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