Table 1 Baseline characteristics of studied population, N = 1049.
Total | No Depression | Depression | No Anxiety | Anxiety | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 1049 | N = 405 (38.6%) | N = 644 (61.4%) | p value | N = 489 (46.6%) | N = 560 (53.4%) | p value | |
Patient characteristics | |||||||
Age group, n (%) | 0.084 | 0.497 | |||||
Young adults | 91 (8.7) | 45 (49.4) | 46 (50.5) | 45 (49.4) | 46 (50.5) | ||
The middle-aged | 299 (28.5) | 113 (37.8) | 186 (62.2) | 146 (48.8) | 153 (51.2) | ||
The elderly | 659 (62.8) | 247 (37.5) | 412 (62.5) | 298 (45.2) | 361 (54.8) | ||
Gender, n (%) | 0.137 | 0.065 | |||||
Male | 572 (54.5) | 233 (40.7) | 339 (59.3) | 282 (49.3) | 290 (50.7) | ||
Female | 477 (45.5) | 172 (36.0) | 305 (64.0) | 207 (43.4) | 270 (56.6) | ||
Region, n (%) | < 0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
East China | 361 (34.4) | 176 (48.8) | 185 (51.2) | 210 (58.2) | 151 (41.8) | ||
North China | 175 (16.7) | 72 (41.1) | 103 (59.9) | 92 (52.6) | 83 (47.4) | ||
Northeast China | 191 (18.2) | 53 (27.7) | 138 (72.3) | 62 (32.5) | 129 (67.5) | ||
South Central China | 252 (24.0) | 72 (28.6) | 180 (71.4) | 86 (34.1) | 166 (65.9) | ||
West China | 70 (6.7) | 32 (45.7) | 38 (54.3) | 39 (55.7) | 31 (44.3) | ||
Hospital, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.016 | |||||
Secondary hospital | 132 (12.6) | 71 (53.8) | 61 (46.2) | 75 (56.8) | 57 (43.2) | ||
Tertiary hospital | 917 (87.4) | 334 (36.4) | 583 (63.6) | 414 (45.1) | 503 (54.9) | ||
BMI, mean ± SD | 24.0 ± 3.2 | 24.0 ± 3.2 | 24.0 ± 3.2 | 0.885 | 24.1 ± 3.2 | 23.9 ± 3.2 | 0.241 |
Education background, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.040 | |||||
Primary school and below | 230 (21.9) | 69 (30.0) | 161 (70.0) | 94 (40.9) | 136 (59.1) | ||
High school | 510 (48.6) | 189 (37.0) | 321 (63.0) | 235 (46.1) | 275 (53.9) | ||
University or above | 309 (29.5) | 147 (47.6) | 162 (52.4) | 160 (51.8) | 149 (48.2) | ||
Occupational status, n (%) | 0.145 | 0.137 | |||||
Employed | 300 (28.6) | 129 (43.0) | 171 (57.0) | 152 (50.7) | 148 (49.3) | ||
Unemployed | 231 (22.0) | 81 (35.1) | 150 (64.9) | 97 (42.0) | 134 (58.0) | ||
Retired | 518 (49.4) | 195 (37.6) | 323 (62.4) | 240 (46.3) | 278 (53.7) | ||
Family monthly income, n (%) | 0.030 | 0.398 | |||||
Less than 4000 | 260 (24.8) | 91 (35.0) | 169 (65.0) | 124 (47.7) | 136 (52.3) | ||
4000–7999 | 425 (40.5) | 151 (35.5) | 274 (64.5) | 185 (43.5) | 240 (56.5) | ||
8000–12,000 | 243 (23.2) | 109 (44.8) | 134 (55.2) | 121 (49.8) | 122 (50.2) | ||
More than 12,000 | 121 (11.5) | 54 (44.6) | 67 (55.4) | 59 (48.8) | 62 (51.2) | ||
Marital status, n (%) | 0.210 | 0.035 | |||||
Married | 914 (87.1) | 360 (39.4) | 554 (60.6) | 438 (47.9) | 476 (52.1) | ||
Other | 135 (12.9) | 45 (33.3) | 90 (66.7) | 51 (37.8) | 84 (62.2) | ||
Severity of depression or anxiety, n (%) | - | - | |||||
Mild | 427 (40.7) | 421 (40.1) | |||||
Moderate | 158 (15.1) | 92 (8.8) | |||||
Severe | 59 (5.6) | 47 (4.5) | |||||
Cardiovascular diseases | |||||||
Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 861 (82.1) | 315 (36.6) | 546 (63.4) | 0.005 | 389 (45.2) | 472 (54.8) | 0.056 |
Post-CABG, n (%) | 39 (3.7) | 17 (43.6) | 22 (56.4) | 0.629 | 15 (38.5) | 24 (61.5) | 0.381 |
Post-PCI, n (%) | 338 (32.2) | 132 (39.0) | 206 (61.0) | 0.892 | 155 (45.8) | 183 (54.2) | 0.785 |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 114 (10.9) | 29 (25.4) | 85 (74.6) | 0.003 | 41 (36.0) | 73 (64.0) | 0.021 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 666 (63.5) | 253 (38.0) | 413 (62.0) | 0.632 | 300 (45.0) | 366 (55.0) | 0.200 |
Arrhythmia, n (%) | 292 (27.8) | 106 (36.3) | 186 (63.7) | 0.378 | 128 (43.8) | 164 (56.2) | 0.293 |
Heart failure, n (%) | 107 (10.2) | 21 (19.6) | 86 (80.4) | < 0.001 | 36 (33.6) | 71 (66.4) | 0.006 |
Undiagnosed heart disease, n (%) | 60 (5.7) | 23 (38.3) | 37 (61.7) | 1.000 | 21 (35.0) | 39 (65.0) | 0.085 |
Duration of CVD/years, median [Q1, Q3] | 5.0 [2.0, 8.0] | 5.0 [2.0, 8.0] | 5.0 [2.0, 9.0] | 0.412 | 5.0 [2.0, 8.0] | 4.0 [2.0, 8.2] | 0.773 |
Discomfort symptoms | |||||||
Chest pain, n (%) | 637 (60.7) | 229 (35.9) | 408 (64.1) | 0.033 | 275 (43.2) | 362 (56.8) | 0.007 |
Chest distress, n (%) | 918 (87.5) | 337 (36.7) | 581 (63.3) | 0.001 | 407 (44.3) | 511 (55.7) | < 0.001 |
Dyspnea, n (%) | 283 (27.0) | 72 (25.4) | 211 (74.6) | < 0.001 | 93 (32.9) | 190 (67.1) | < 0.001 |
Dizzy, n (%) | 391 (37.3) | 142 (36.3) | 249 (63.7) | 0.267 | 163 (41.7) | 228 (58.3) | 0.016 |
Fatigue, n (%) | 495 (47.2) | 153 (30.9) | 342 (69.1) | < 0.001 | 196 (39.6) | 299 (60.4) | < 0.001 |
Palpitation, n (%) | 550 (52.4) | 195 (35.4) | 355 (64.6) | 0.032 | 220 (40.0) | 330 (60.0) | < 0.001 |
Other clinical comorbidities | |||||||
Diabetes, n (%) | 340 (32.4) | 110 (32.4) | 230 (67.6) | 0.005 | 140 (41.2) | 200 (58.8) | 0.017 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 626 (59.7) | 205 (32.7) | 421 (67.3) | < 0.001 | 269 (43.0) | 357 (57.0) | 0.005 |
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 262 (25.0) | 84 (32.1) | 178 (67.9) | 0.015 | 101 (38.5) | 161 (61.5) | 0.003 |
EQ-5D-3 L | |||||||
Mobility, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
Level 1 | 733 (69.9) | 349 (47.6) | 384 (52.4) | 399 (54.4) | 334 (45.6) | ||
Level 2 or 3 | 316 (30.1) | 56 (17.7) | 260 (82.3) | 90 (28.5) | 226 (71.5) | ||
Self-care, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
Level 1 | 840 (80.1) | 377 (44.9) | 463 (55.1) | 441 (52.5) | 399 (47.5) | ||
Level 2 or 3 | 209 (19.9) | 28 (13.4) | 181 (86.6) | 48 (23.0) | 161 (77.0) | ||
Usual activities, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
Level 1 | 653 (62.2) | 333 (51.0) | 320 (49.0) | 376 (57.6) | 277 (42.4) | ||
Level 2 or 3 | 396 (37.8) | 72 (18.2) | 324 (81.8) | 113 (28.5) | 283 (71.5) | ||
Pain/Discomfort, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
Level 1 | 315 (30.0) | 202 (64.1) | 113 (35.9) | 232 (73.6) | 83 (26.4) | ||
Level 2 or 3 | 734 (70.0) | 203 (27.6) | 531 (72.4) | 257 (35.0) | 477 (65.0) | ||
Anxiety or depression, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
Level 1 | 443 (42.2) | 276 (62.3) | 167 (37.7) | 330 (74.5) | 113 (25.5) | ||
Level 2 or 3 | 606 (57.8) | 129 (21.3) | 477 (78.7) | 159 (26.2) | 447 (73.8) | ||
Health state utility index, [Q1, Q3] | 0.71 [0.63, 0.79] | 0.77 [0.71, 1.00] | 0.67 [0.59, 0.73] | < 0.001 | 0.77 [0.71, 1.00] | 0.67 [0.57, 0.71] | < 0.001 |
