Fig. 2

Annotation Strategy: The class labels used during annotation (a) containing three levels of hierarchy and how they are summarized. All three levels of granularity are used during training of the semantic segmentation neural network to guide the network to respect the hierarchical nature of the labels. A schematic example of how the labels were assigned during annotation to minimize speculation is shown in (b): the two corals are initially assigned ‘background’ when they are too far away to be clearly identified as live coral (leftmost panel). As they move closer, they are labeled as ‘branching coral’ before first the Stylophora and then the Acropora can be identified from the characteristic branch structures (rightmost panel).