Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: Cold atmospheric plasma restores fulvestrant sensitivity by inhibiting CCND3 in the drug-resistant breast cancer cells

Fig. 5

Schematic representation of CAP mechanism in reversing fulvestrant resistance in breast cancer cells. Fulvestrant-sensitive breast cancer cells develop resistance through upregulation of CCND3 and dysregulation of ribosomal and mitochondrial components. CAP treatment generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that downregulate CCND3, restore ribosomal and mitochondrial function, and increase apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest. This CAP-mediated modulation ultimately restores fulvestrant sensitivity in resistant breast cancer cells, demonstrating CAP’s potential as a therapeutic strategy to overcome endocrine therapy resistance.

Back to article page