Table 4 State function covariates, standardized to range between 0 and 1 and their descriptions.
From: Human disturbance thresholds determine the ecological role of an apex predator
Covariate | Description |
|---|---|
Wolf culling | Nearby (< 7 km) reported shootings of wolves in the year preceding this study |
Jackal culling | Nearby (< 7 km) reported shootings of jackals in the 5 years preceding this study |
Boar culling | Nearby (< 7 km) reported shootings of boar in the 5 years preceding this study |
Open space | Undeveloped natural spaces, including woodland, grassland, scrubland, planted conifer forest. Can overlap with grazing pastures, nature reserves, firing zones and minefields |
Infrastructure | Housing, main roads, industrial buildings, quarries, solar farms, construction sites |
Nature reserves | Protected nature reserves administered by the INPA |
Croplands | Agricultural fields with rotational crops |
Proximity to water | Proximity to natural and artificial water sources |
Minefields | Closed fenced minefields, primarily along Israel-Syria border |
Firing zones | Military operational zones; closed to the public Sun-Thurs and open for recreation Fri-Sat. Can overlap with nature reserves and open spaces |
Orchards | Permanent groves of fruit trees |
