Table 3 Simulation results of different algorithms.

From: Intelligent scheduling for distributed-level island integrated energy systems considering multi-energy utilization and incentive-penalty stepped carbon trading mechanism

Method

\(C_\textrm{total}/\$\)

\(C_\textrm{fuel}/\$\)

\(C_\textrm{tra}/\$\)

\(C_\textrm{pc}/\$\)

\(C_\textrm{sc}/\$\)

\(C_\textrm{so}/\$\)

Computation time/s

DDPG

17477.69

19257.45

441.54

-735.55

-933.25

-552.50

0.5647

PPO

18763.57

17182.12

3313.04

-714.04

-777.41

-240.14

2.2088

TD3

17335.69

19836.26

32.58

-763.09

-1247.73

-522.33

0.2090