Table 1 Average of both the groups across 16 sessions.

From: Evaluating the role of a visual pitch meter in carnatic music education and pitch internalization through constructivist and RALD frameworks

Pitch variations without VPM

Student

Session 1

Session 2

Session 3

Session 4

Session 5

Session 6

Session 7

Session 8

Session 9

Session 10

Session 11

Session 12

Session 13

Session 14

Session 15

Session 16

Average

Average

7.18

7.15

7.15

6.57

6.30

6.26

5.86

5.14

5.12

4.05

3.96

4.00

3.99

3.62

3.28

2.88

5.07

Pitch variations with VPM

Student

Session 1

Session 2

Session 3

Session 4

Session 5

Session 6

Session 7

Session 8

Session 9

Session 10

Session 11

Session 12

Session 13

Session 14

Session 15

Session 16

Average

Average

7.24

6.70

6.24

5.88

5.51

5.14

4.76

4.38

4.00

3.62

3.25

2.87

2.49

2.15

1.74

1.14

4.20