Table 11 Verification of Computational Complexity for the StMA Algorithm.

From: A sterna migration algorithm-based efficient bionic engineering optimization algorithm

Dimension (D)

Population Size (\({N}_{pop}\))

Runtime (s)

Theoretical Complexity

10

50

0.0021

100,000

20

30

0.0014

120,000

30

40

0.0020

240,000

40

50

0.0033

400,000

50

60

0.0035

600,000

60

70

0.0047

840,000

70

80

0.0055

1,120,000

80

80

0.0076

1,280,000