Table 4 Information on CEC-2023 Test Functions. (tested with D = 30).

From: A sterna migration algorithm-based efficient bionic engineering optimization algorithm

Notation of the function

Names of the CEC-2023 functions

Type of the function

F1

Sphere Function

Unimodal functions

F2

Rosenbrock Function

Multimodal basic functions

F3

Shubert Function

Multimodal basic functions

F4

Schwefel 2.22 Function

Unimodal functions

F5

Schwefel 1.2 Function

Multimodal basic functions

F6

Rastrigin Function

Multimodal basic functions

F7

Ackley Function

Multimodal basic functions

F8

Griewank Function

Multimodal basic functions

F9

Weierstrass Function

Multimodal basic functions

F10

Scaffer F6 Function

Multimodal basic functions

F11

Hybrid 1 Function

Multimodal expanded function