Fig. 4

The relationship between heart rate and image quality in the morning cohort was analysed using the ROC method. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the initial heart rate in the morning group was 0.598 (p < 0.001), with a Youden’s Index (J) of 0.632 and an optimal cut-off value of 79 bpm. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the heart rate post-medication was 0.890 (p < 0.001), with a Youden’s Index of 0.816 and an optimal cut-off value of 71 bpm.