Fig. 4

Mild adverse effects reported by participants across the sailing-based intervention (N = 8). The figure illustrates the incidence of mild adverse effects across the three sailing sessions during the sailing-based rehabilitation intervention. The most frequently reported adverse effect was nausea or dizziness, occurring in approximately 50% of participants during the second sailing session. Muscle soreness was reported by a smaller proportion of participants across all sessions, with no reports of muscle cramps, thermal discomfort, general fatigue, post-activity drowsiness, bruising or abrasions, temporary joint stiffness, or lower back or neck discomfort.