Table 3 Crude and adjusted linear regression models to evaluate the association between quartiles of ultra-processed food intake in calories and grams during the peri-pubertal period and %FGV at 4 years post-menarche.

From: Consumption of ultraprocessed foods and breast density in adolescence

 

logFGV (%)

\({\beta }^{a}\) 1 (IC 95%) (n = 322)

\(\beta\) 2 (IC 95%) (n = 312)

\(\beta\) 3 (IC 95%) (n = 312)

UPF quartiles of percentage of total calories (% kcal/day)

Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

Q2

 − 0.05 (− 0.15, 0.06)

 − 0.01 (− 0.09, 0.07)

 − 0.01 (− 0.09, 0.07)

Q3

0.05 (− 0.06, 0.15)

0.07 (− 0.01, 0.15)

0.06 (− 0.02, 0.15)

Q4

0.05 (− 0.05, 0.15)

0.02 (− 0.06, 0.10)

0.01 (− 0.07, 0.10)

UPF quartiles of percentage of total grams (% grams/day)

Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

Q2

0.00 (− 0.10, 0.11)

0.06 (− 0.02, 0.14)

0.05 (− 0.03, 0.14)

Q3

0.09 (− 0.01, 0.19)

0.07 (− 0.01, 0.15)

0.07 (− 0.01, 0.15)

Q4

0.07 (− 0.03, 0.17)

0.04 (− 0.04, 0.12)

0.03 (− 0.05, 0.11)

  1. Abbreviations: FGV (%), percentage of breast density; CI, confidence interval.
  2. aCoefficients estimated by linear regression models.
  3. β1, Coefficient β Model 1: Crude. β2, β Coefficient Model 2: Model 1 + birth weight, BMI Z score, smoke, physical activity, menstrual cycle stage, mother’s education, age at menarche, and age at DXA. β3, Coefficient β Model 3: Model 2 + total energy intake.
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