Table 4 Crude and adjusted linear regression models to evaluate the association between quartiles of ultra-processed food intake in calories and grams during the peri-pubertal period and AFGV at 4 years post-menarche.

From: Consumption of ultraprocessed foods and breast density in adolescence

 

logAFGV (cm3)

\({\beta }^{a}\) 1 (IC 95%) (n = 322)

\(\beta\) 2 (IC 95%) (n = 312)

\(\beta\) 3 (IC 95%) (n = 312)

UPF quartiles of percentage of total calories (% kcal/day)

Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

Q2

 − 0.11 (− 0.25, 0.03)

 − 0.14 (− 0.28, 0.00)

 − 0.14 (− 0.28, 0.00)

Q3

 − 0.01 (− 0.15, 0.12)

 − 0.01 (− 0.15, 0.14)

 − 0.01 (− 0.16, 0.13)

Q4

0.06 (− 0.08, 0.19)

0.06 (− 0.09, 0.20)

0.04 (− 0.10, 0.19)

UPF quartiles of percentage of total grams (% grams/day)

Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

Q2

0.11 (− 0.03, 0.25)

0.12 (− 0.03, 0.26)

0.12 (− 0.03, 0.26)

Q3

0.07 (− 0.07, 0.20)

0.09 (− 0.05, 0.23)

0.09 (− 0.06, 0.23)

Q4

0.03 (− 0.11, 0.16)

0.05 (− 0.09, 0.20)

0.05 (− 0.09, 0.19)

  1. Abbreviations: AFGV, absolute fibroglandular volume; CI, confidence interval.
  2. aCoefficients estimated by linear regression models.
  3. β1, Coefficient β Model 1: Crude. β2, β Coefficient Model 2: Model 1 + birth weight, BMI Z score, smoke, physical activity, menstrual cycle stage, mother’s education, age at menarche, and age at DXA. β3, Coefficient β Model 3: Model 2 + total energy intake.