Table 9 Error metrics for VL10JG005TA.

From: Investigation of drag models for simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow systems

Model

Core Region

Wall region

MAE

MSE (10−5)

RMSE

MAPE (%)

NMRSE

NMAE

MAE

MSE (10−5)

RMSE

MAPE (%)

NMRSE

NMAE

Schiller-Nau51

0.00267

0.338

0.00300

6.38

0.07399

0.06585

0.00875

9.649

0.00982

11.47

0.11958

0.10649

Grace3

0.00167

0.576

0.00147

4.28

0.03622

0.04107

0.00123

0.293

0.00171

1.85

0.02086

0.01498

Ishii-Zuber36

0.00201

0.619

0.00152

5.00

0.03754

0.04943

0.00050

8.131

0.00090

0.57

0.01098

0.00612

Tomiyama27

0.00248

0.937

0.00188

6.19

0.04619

0.06108

0.00373

2.097

0.00458

4.27

0.05575

0.04540

Behzadi37

0.00201

0.740

0.00167

4.87

0.04104

0.04941

0.00209

1.100

0.00332

2.60

0.04038

0.02544

Simonnet4

0.00210

0.553

0.00144

5.25

0.03548

0.05167

0.00167

0.422

0.00206

2.00

0.02503

0.02031

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