Table 3 Risks of wheezing, eczema, asthma, and atopic dermatitis associated with elective and emergent cesarean delivery.

From: Association of cesarean section with asthma and atopic dermatitis in infants from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

 

Wheezing

Eczema

Asthma

Atopic dermatitis

cOR

(95% CI)

aOR*1

(95% CI)

aOR*2

(95% CI)

cOR

(95% CI)

aOR*1

(95% CI)

aOR*2

(95% CI)

cOR

(95% CI)

aOR*1

(95% CI)

aOR*2

(95% CI)

cOR

(95% CI)

aOR*1

(95% CI)

aOR*2

(95% CI)

Vaginal delivery

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Elective cesarean delivery

1.14

(1.07–1.20)

1.07

(1.01–1.13)

1.06

(0.99–1.12)

0.97

(0.92–1.03)

0.99

(0.93–1.05)

1.00

(0.94–1.06)

1.23

(1.08–1.42)

1.13

(0.98–1.30)

1.11

(0.96–1.27)

1.00

(0.90–1.12)

1.00

(0.89–1.13)

1.00

(0.90–1.13)

Emergency cesarean delivery

0.92

(0.86–0.99)

1.00

(0.93–1.08)

0.99 (0.92–1.06)

0.90

(0.83–0.96)

0.90

(0.84–0.97)

0.91 (0.85–0.98)

0.88

(0.73–1.06)

0.99

(0.82–1.20)

0.96

(0.79–1.16)

0.91

(0.79–1.04)

0.96

(0.83–1.10)

0.96

(0.83–1.11)

  1. Ref: reference; cOR: crude odds ratio; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
  2. *1; The model was adjusted with potential confounders, including maternal age at pregnancy, parity, sex, preterm, small for gestational age, maternal allergies, maternal smoking during pregnancy, passive smoking during pregnancy, maternal education, family income, marriage.
  3. *2; The model was adjusted with breastfeeding at 6 months, pet ownership, passive smoking exposure of infants in addition to the above confounders of aOR*1.
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