Fig. 9

Structural equation model illustrating the relationships between pH, Enzymatic activity (CAT and ACP), Microbial diversity, and AN, AK, AP, SOC in the continuous cropping of Curcuma kwangsiensis. Red arrows indicate positive path coefficients, and blue arrows indicate negative path coefficients. (***: p < 0.001; **: p < 0.01; *: p < 0.05).