Table 2 Comparative model performance.

From: Multimodal deep learning for midpalatal suture assessment in maxillary expansion

Category

Model

Accuracy

F1-Score

Assessment Basis

Manual assessment

Resident-1

40.11%

36.38%

Clinical experience

Resident-2

30.36%

29.00%

Clinical experience

Single Modality

ResNet50-SG

71.25%

72.00%

CBCT only

EfficientNet-SG

70.00%

68.14%

CBCT only

ResNet18-SG

56.25%

55.87%

CBCT only

MLP-SG

47.50%

44.89%

Tabular only

Semi-multimodal

ResNet50-SM

81.25%

80.77%

CBCT + LCR

EfficientNet-SM

75.00%

74.87%

CBCT + LCR

ResNet18-SM

73.75%

72.43%

CBCT + LCR

Full Multimodal

DeepMSM

93.75%

93.81%

CBCT + LCR + Tabular