Fig. 1

Patient screening flowchart .MIMIC-IV, Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV; PeHR, prolonged elevated heart rate; AECOPD, Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Patient screening flowchart .MIMIC-IV, Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV; PeHR, prolonged elevated heart rate; AECOPD, Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.