Fig. 5

Gut microbial changes after E. muris infection. (A) The composition of gut microbiota at the genus level in mice, comparing E. muris-infected and uninfected groups. Each color indicates a different bacterial genus, highlighting the Top 15 genera with the highest relative abundance. (B) Alpha diversity indices of gut microbiota, including Chao1 (left) and Shannon index (right), comparing E. muris-infected and uninfected groups. Statistical significance is indicated as “ns” (not significant). (C) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of gut microbiota composition between E. muris-infected and uninfected groups. (D) Taxonomic representation in a cladogram (left) and Log₂(FC) bar graph (right) illustrating differences in the relative abundance of bacterial species between E. muris-infected and uninfected groups. The cladogram (left) displays all bacterial species, with each letter representing a specific species. Red circles indicate species that significantly decreased in abundance after E. muris infection, while blue circles represent species that significantly increased. In the Log₂(FC) bar graph (right), species with decreased abundance in the infected group are shown in red, whereas those with increased abundance are shown in blue. Taxa belonging to the phylum Firmicutes are marked with an asterisk (*). (E) Heatmap of Pearson correlation coefficients between individual microbial species, pathologic conditions, specific immune cells, and E. muris gDNA. Positive correlations are indicated in red, while negative correlations are shown in blue, with the intensity of color corresponding to the strength of the correlation. The figure in the box indicates the Pearson r. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 (Pearson correlation coefficient test).