Table 1 The comparison of baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between patients with and without surgical site infections.

From: A comprehensive feature importance analysis of surgical site infection following colorectal cancer surgery

Characteristics

 

Overall (N = 528)

SSI positive (N = 93)

SSI negative(N = 435)

P

Age at diagnosis, mean ± SD, years

 

56.3 ± 13.4

54.6 ± 13.4

56.7 ± 13.4

0.165

Surgery duration, mean ± SD, minutes

 

272.6 ± 80.7

282.2 ± 92.4

270.6 ± 77.9

0.263

Gender, N(%)

Female

236(44.7)

45(48.4)

191(43.9)

0.430

Male

292(55.3)

48(51.6)

244(56.1)

Tumor location, N(%)

Lower/Lower-Middle rectum

157(29.7)

49(52.7)

108(24.8)

 < 0.001 *

Middle/ Upper/ Middle-Upper rectum

115(21.8)

17(18.3)

98(22.5)

Rectosigmoid/Sigmoid

143(27.1)

14(15.1)

129(29.7)

Colon

113(21.4)

13(14)

100(23)

Surgical technique, N(%)

Segmental colectomy

165(31.3)

15(16.1)

150(34.5)

 < 0.001 *

LAR/Ultra LAR

126(23.9)

16(17.2)

110(25.3)

APR

90(17)

34(36.6)

56(12.9)

Hartmann’s procedure

68(12.9)

13(14)

55(12.6)

Coloanal anastomosis

49(9.3)

10(10.8)

39(9)

Other procedures ‡

30(5.7)

5(5.4)

25(5.7)

Surgical approach, N(%)

Laparotomy

455(86.2)

85(91.4)

370(85.1)

0.108

Laparoscopy

73(13.8)

8(8.6)

65(14.9)

Pathological TNM staging, N(%)

(Stage 0) †

89(16.9)

23(24.7)

66(15.2)

0.322

T1,2 (Stage Ⅰ)

101(19.1)

19(20.4)

82(18.9)

T3,4 (Stage Ⅱ)

136(25.8)

20(21.5)

116(26.7)

Node positive (Stage Ⅲ)

132(25)

20(21.5)

112(25.7)

Metastatic

28(5.3)

4(4.3)

24(5.5)

NX

42(8)

7(7.5)

35(8)

Stoma formation, N(%)

No

185(35)

18(19.4)

167(38.4)

 < 0.001 *

Yes

343(65)

75(80.6)

268(61.6)

Transfusion during hospitalization, N(%)

No

451(85.4)

76(81.7)

375(86.2)

0.266

Yes

77(14.6)

17(18.3)

60(13.8)

Neoadjuvant therapy, N(%)

No

222(42)

24(25.8)

198(45.5)

0.001 *

Yes

273(51.7)

61(65.6)

212(48.7)

Intra-operative complication ♣ , N(%)

No

477(90.3)

81(87.1)

396(91)

0.243

Yes

51(9.7)

12(12.9)

39(9)

Smoking history, N(%)

No

387(73.3)

65(85.5)

322(80.1)

0.269

Yes

91(17.2)

11(14.5)

80(19.9)

Past abdominal and perianal surgical history, N(%)

No

252(47.7)

36(50)

216(54.1)

0.517

Yes

219(41.5)

36(50)

183(45.9)

Cardiovascular disease, N(%)

No

430(81.4)

70(94.6)

360(90.5)

0.250

Yes

42(8)

4(5.4)

38(9.5)

Hypertension, N(%)

No

352(66.7)

56(75.7)

296(74.4)

0.813

Yes

120(22.7)

18(24.3)

102(25.6)

Diabetes mellitus, N(%)

No

386(73.1)

59(79.7)

327(82.2)

0.619

Yes

86(16.3)

15(20.3)

71(17.8)

  1. SSI: surgical site infection, LAR: low anterior resection, APR: abdominoperineal resection.
  2. † stage 0 in rectal cancer included pathologic complete response or near pathologic complete response.
  3. ‡ other procedures included total colectomy, subtotal colectomy or total proctocolectomy.
  4. ♣ included internal organ injury, anastomotic leak or bleeding.
  5. The frequency of missing data for smoking history, past surgical history and neoadjuvant therapy were 50 (9.5%), 57 (10.8%), and 33 (6.3%), respectively. This value was 56 (10.6%) for cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
  6. *significant at α = 0.05.
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