Table 1 Baseline demographics, screening laboratories, and pulmonary function testing in long COVID subjects. *p < 0.05 comparing values before and after training.
Demographics | Results pre-training | Results post-training |
|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 53.5 ± 11.6 | |
% female (n, %) | 6 (43%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 32.5 ± 8.4 | |
Time since initial COVID infection (months) | 15.1 ± 8.8 | |
Primary Long COVID Symptom (n, %) | Fatigue (12/ 86%) | |
Dyspnea (5/ 36%) | ||
Exercise Intolerance (6/46%) | ||
Post Exertional Malaise (8/57%) | ||
Brain Fog (14/100%) | ||
Hemoglobin Range (Male 13.2–17) | 14.9 ± 1.1 | |
Hemoglobin Range (Female 11.7–15.5) | 13.4 ± 0.9 | |
Hematocrit Range (Male 38.5–50%) | 44.1% ± 3.0 | |
Hematocrit Range (Female 35–45%) | 39.3% ± 2.6 | |
CRP (normal < 8.0 ng/ml) | 4.3 ± 5.8 | |
High Sensitivity Troponin (normal < 15 ng/L) | 6.8 ± 2.2 | |
Pro-BNP (normal < 253 ng/L) | 6.8 ± 2.2 | |
Pulmonary Function Testing | ||
FEV1% Predicted | 94 ± 19 | 97 ± 17 |
TLC % Predicted | 86 ± 12 | 89.69 ± 13.2 |
DLCO % Predicted | 93 ± 18 | 91.77 ± 18.8 |
Exercise Testing and Training Outcomes | ||
VO2, Absolute (L/min) | 1.88 ± 0.69 | 2.03 ± 0.07* |
VO2 ml/kg/min) | 19.3 ± 5.1 | 20.9 ± 5.1* |
VO2 (% predicted) | 87% ± 17 | 93 ± 17 |
VO2 (% change) from Pre- to Post training | 7.4% | |
Peak Work Rate; % predicted | 93% ± 17 | |
Peak Work Rate; Watts | 139 ± 49 | 155 ± 55* |
Peak Work Rate; % change from Pre- to Post-training | 16% |
