Fig. 3

Effect of Temperature on (a) Crawling, (b) Feeding, (c) Spreading, (d) Hiding, and (e) Clinging of Umbonium vestiarium under experimental conditions. In the boxplots, the box borders denote the interquartile range (IQR), with the horizontal line within the box indicating the median value. The upper and lower whiskers extend to 1.5 times the IQR beyond the upper and lower quartiles, respectively. Statistical significance is denoted by asterisks: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 (Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn’s test).