Table 16 Modulus of Elasticity – Comparison Table.

From: Experimental research on mechanical and microstructural characteristics of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC)

Standard

Equation/Formulation

Typical test specimen

Applicability

IS 456:2000

Ec = 5000√fck

Cube

Based on cube compressive strength

ASTM C469

Direct stress-strain from initial linear curve

Cylinder

Empirical, reflects material type

ACI 318

Ec = 4700√f’c

Cylinder

Overestimates high-strength mixes

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