Fig. 5

Temporal changes in groundwater δ18O and δ2H values during water conveyance and non-conveyance periods. (Note: DW1–DW3: Kunaste section; Y-F1–Y-F14: Yingsu section. Y-F3, Y-F5, and Y-F10 were not sampled during the water non-conveyance period; Y-12, Y-F3, and Y-F4 were not sampled during the water conveyance period)