Table 3 Twelve-month pre–post changes by adherence level among OW/OB children with MetS (n = 300).
Measure | Baseline | Post-intervention—low | Post-intervention—moderate | Post-intervention—high | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI (kg/m²) | 25.7 ± 3.8 | 29.7 ± 3.4 | 26.7 ± 4.3 | 24.4 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 84.1 ± 9.7 | 93.5 ± 5.7 | 88.1 ± 10.1 | 83.2 ± 9.8 | < 0.001 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 94.3 ± 8.1 | 105.5 ± 8.8 | 98.3 ± 8.9 | 94.4 ± 8.2 | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 112.4 ± 13.6 | 121.7 ± 13.3 | 113.5 ± 10.8 | 106.9 ± 10.2 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 68.5 ± 7.2 | 75.0 ± 8.4 | 71.2 ± 7.0 | 67.5 ± 6.9 | < 0.001 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 0.109 |
AST (U/L) | 29.4 ± 14.1 | 29.0 ± 4.4 | 36.3 ± 19.1 | 27.3 ± 11.5 | < 0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 34.7 ± 27.8 | 38.5 ± 18.2 | 52.2 ± 49.9 | 29.2 ± 27.0 | < 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.4 ± 0.2 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 0.367 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
CAP (dB/m) | 262.5 ± 52.8 | 281.0 ± 47.5 | 259.1 ± 58.6 | 223.6 ± 60.9 | < 0.001 |
Eating out (times/week) | 5.8 ± 2.1 | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 4.2 ± 1.4 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 |
Sugar-sweetened beverages (times/week) | 8.1 ± 1.6 | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |
Fried/stir-fried dishes (times/week) | 5.6 ± 1.7 | 5.1 ± 1.7 | 4.6 ± 1.4 | 3.2 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 |
Recreational screen time (h/day) | 7.1 ± 2.8 | 5.5 ± 2.1 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
Sleep duration (h/night) | 6.7 ± 1.2 | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 7.8 ± 0.9 | 8.2 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
Days/week with ≥ 60 min PA | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 5.0 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
