Correction to: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16247-3, published online 20 August 2025

The original version of this Article contained errors in the order of the figures, where Figures 1, 2 and 3 were incorrectly published as Figures 3, 1 and 2, respectively. As a result, the figure legends did not correspond to the correct figure images. The figures and their accompanying legends were in the correct order in the original manuscript.

The original Figure 1, 2 and 3 and their accompanying legends appear below.

Fig. 1
figure 1

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of palm frond-biochar (PF) without acid treatment (a), PF-treated with 0.25 M acetic acid (b), PF-treated with 0.25 M phosphoric acid (c), and guava branches-biochar (GB) without acid (d), GB-treated with 0.25 M acetic acid (e), GB-treated with 0.25 M phosphoric acid (f).

Fig. 2
figure 2

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for treated and untreated palm frond-biochar and guava branches-biochar with acetic and phosphoric acids.

Fig. 3
figure 3

Rate of change in phosphorus (P) availability during the incubation of alkaline sandy soil: (a) without biochar, (b) with untreated biochar, (c) with acetic acid–modified biochar, and (d) with phosphoric acid–modified biochar.

The original Article has been corrected.