Table 1 Demographics and clinical information for seabees subjects from the 24th Reserve Naval Mobile Construction (Seabees) Battalion. *Of the controls, 9 were deployed and 7 were non-deployed, all from the same seabees battalion. † P values for age and education were obtained from an F-test with 3 df, and those for the rest, from Fisher’s exact test for a 4 × 2 table. ‡ no information was provided by one deployed control subject.

From: Decadelong low basal ganglia NAA/tCr from elevated tCr supports ATP depletion from mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Gulf War illness

Characteristic

Controls*

Syndrome 1

Syndrome 2

Syndrome 3

P value†

N of subjects

16

11

17

11

 

Mean age, years (SD)

60.4 (6.8)

51.2 (6.1)

62.7 (6.7)

57.3 (6.5)

0.0003

Mean years of education (SD)

13 (2)

14 (1)

12 (3)

12 (1)

0.09

Alcohol abuse or dependence (%)

4/15 (27)‡

4/11 (36)

6/17 (35)

5/11 (45)

0.80

Drug abuse or dependence (%)

2/16 (13)

1/11 (9)

1/17 (6)

2/11 (18)

0.80

Major depressive disorder (%)

0/15 (0)‡

2/11 (18)

3/17 (18)

0/11 (0)

0.16

Post-traumatic stress disorder (%)

0/16 (0)

2/11 (18)

5/17 (29)

2/11 (18)

0.11