Table 4 Evaluation of the Effects of Ropivacaine Concentration in SA (Values are presented as Mean ± SD; Statistical significance determined at P < 0.05).

From: Determining the optimal ropivacaine concentration for spinal anaesthesia during day surgery for anorectal procedures: a dose-finding study

A. Between-Group Comparison at Time Points

Time

0.3% (4.50 mg, n = 10)

0.25% (3.75 mg, n = 11)

0.20% (3.00 mg, n = 26)

0.15% (2.25 mg, n = 3)

F (3,46)

P

T1

96.90 ± 10.13

95.82 ± 11.12

99.19 ± 11.61

100.67 ± 12.06

0.323

0.809

T2

93.20 ± 10.26

94.64 ± 13.87

97.81 ± 13.16

102.33 ± 16.77

0.580

0.631

T3

99.20 ± 10.29

95.82 ± 11.81

100.04 ± 12.55

97.33 ± 14.01

0.335

0.800

T4

98.30 ± 13.66

92.73 ± 12.33

97.15 ± 11.89

102.67 ± 12.70

0.677

0.571

T5

96.30 ± 10.39

97.27 ± 14.38

97.50 ± 11.92

102.00 ± 9.54

0.171

0.915

B. Global Effects (2-way RM ANOVA)

Effect Type

F(df)

P

partial η2

Concentration main effect

F (3,46) = 0.303

0.823

0.019

Time main effect

F (4,184) = 0.289

0.843

0.006

Concentration × Time

F (12,184) = 1.167

0.319

0.071

C. Within-Group Time Effects

Concentration

F(df)†

P

partial η2

0.30%(4.50 mg, n = 10)

F (4,36) = 1.610

0.189

0.152

0.25%(3.75 mg, n = 11)

F (4,40) = 1.007

0.414

0.092

0.20%(3.00 mg, n = 26)

F (4,100) = 2.681

0.044*

0.187

0.15%(2.25 mg, n = 3)

F (4,8) = 2.681

0.697

0.572

  1. T1, 5 min before anesthesia; T2, 5 min after anesthesia; T3, 10 min after anesthesia; T4, 15 min after anesthesia; and T5, at the end of surgery. † Degrees of freedom calculated as: (df = (n-1) \times (T-1)), where ( n ) = group sample size, ( T ) = number of time points (5); Example: 0.3% group (n = 10): ( (10–1) \times (5–1) = 36); Caution for 0.15% group: Results unreliable due to small sample size (n = 3), sensitivity analysis recommended; Greenhouse–Geisser correction applied (ε = 0.92); *denotes statistically significant within-group changes (P < 0.05), specifically Group 3 at T3 (P = 0.044); Statistical analysis performed using SPSS (version 26.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA.)
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