Fig. 4
Silibinin Attenuated Renal IRI by Modulating PI3K/AKT Signaling, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. (A, B). Measurement of serum BUN, Cr production in each groups. (C-E). qRT-PCR analysis of mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in each groups. (F-H, K-M). Western blot and quantitative analysis of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, Caspase-3 Bcl-2, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT in each groups. (I, J). Measurement of oxidative stress markers (H₂O₂, MDA) production in each groups. (N, O). TUNEL staining and quantitative analysis showed apoptosis in kidneys. All the IRI in Fig. 4 stand for ischemia-reperfusion 1 day. Each experiment was repeated independently for a minimum three times. Data: mean ± SEM (n = 6). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Sham; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs. IRI. (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test).
