Fig. 7
Silibinin Attenuated TGF-β1-Induced HK-2 Cell Fibrosis by Regulating PI3K/AKT Signaling, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. (A). TGF-β1 fibrosis model schematic. (Created by Dr. Jian with Biorender.com, Agreement number: LP28DVQ66J). (B). Measurement of MDA production in each groups. (C-E).qRT-PCR analysis of mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in each groups. (F-L). Western blot and quantitative analysis of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, Caspase-3 Bcl-2, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT in each groups. Each experiment was repeated independently for a minimum three times. Data: mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. control; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001vs. TGF-β1. (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test).
