Fig. 1 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 1

From: Shade tolerance is associated with foliar adaptations, improved radiation use efficiency, and photosynthetic rate in rice

Fig. 1

Rice varieties under simulated low light (LL) and normal light (NL) during Kharif 2022 and 2023. (a) Schematic of rice plant showing flag leaf (FL), second (2L), third (3L), and fourth (4L) leaves, with inclination angles (α, β, γ) between leaves and culm. FL represents the top canopy exposed to canopy shading (CSh), while lower leaves experience self-shading (SSh). (b) Canopy reflectance and (c) plant height in LL-tolerant (Purnendu, Swarnaprabha) and LL-susceptible (IR64, IR8) varieties during the reproductive stage. Values are means ± SE (n = 10). Error bars denote SE; significance by t-test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns = not significant).

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