Fig. 2

Leaf traits of rice varieties (Purnendu, Swarnaprabha, IR64, IR8) grown under normal light (NL) and simulated low light (LL) during the reproductive stage (Kharif 2022–2023). Traits measured include (a) leaf area, (b) leaf area plasticity, (c) representative leaf morphology, (d) Leaves/plant, (e) specific leaf area (SLA), (f) specific leaf weight (SLW), and (g) leaf inclination angle at 50% flowering. Measurements in (a) and (b) were taken for flag (FL), second (2L), third (3L), and fourth (4L) leaves. Data represent means ± SE (n = 6). Asterisks denote statistical significance (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).