Fig. 5

Influence of process variables on carbon footprint under baseline and 2060 scenarios: (a) Feed water temperature; (b) Energy recovery rate; (c) Life cycle of the membrane device; (d) Feed water salt concentration.

Influence of process variables on carbon footprint under baseline and 2060 scenarios: (a) Feed water temperature; (b) Energy recovery rate; (c) Life cycle of the membrane device; (d) Feed water salt concentration.